Le déserteur (The Deserter) is a drame mélé de musique (opéra comique) by the French composer Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny with a libretto by Michel-Jean Sedaine. It was first performed on 6 March 1769 by the Comédie-Italienne at their public theatre, the Hôtel de Bourgogne in Paris.

The work was Monsigny's greatest musical success and is one of the key operas of late 18th-century French opéra comique. It was performed in Amsterdam (1769), Copenhagen (1770), Germany in German translation (1770: Hamburg and Brunswick; 1771: Frankfurt), London on 2 November 1773 in an English version by Charles Dibdin, who added music of his own and two numbers by Philidor, and was performed in New York City on 8 June 1787 in French and in Philadelphia on 11 July 1787 in English (London version). It was revived by the Paris Opéra-Comique on 28 July 1802 at the Salle Feydeau and on 30 October 1843 at the second Salle Favart, in a revised version re-orchestrated by Adolphe Adam. The company performed it over 300 times up to 1911. The work mixes serious and comic elements, an example of the latter being the behaviour of the drunkard Montauciel. The theme of a last-minute reprieve from execution influenced later rescue opera.